![]() Peripheral neuropathy is a chronic painful condition resulting from multiple etiologies but most commonly afflicting more than 50% of diabetics. Topical preparations are designed to deliver the drug only to local tissues where the product is applied to the skin. To clarify the terms “transdermal” and “topical,” transdermal products are designed to distribute a drug through the skin and into the blood stream in order to be distributed systemically, throughout the body. However, transdermal clonidine and oral clonidine have demonstrated comparable pharmacodynamics and therefore the therapeutic potential of transdermal clonidine likely matches that of oral clonidine, but with less side effects. In one study, the frequency, duration, and intensity of headaches were reduced, whereas in another study, only some patients experienced relief of symptoms.Ĭlinical studies evaluating the effect of clonidine in chronic pain remain limited and focus largely on the use of topical clonidine and epidural clonidine with fewer studies evaluating oral clonidine. There are also mixed results in the use of transdermal clonidine in the treatment of cluster headaches. There is increasing evidence from animal and human studies that clonidine may be effective in the prevention and management of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, trigger points/myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Furthermore, it described oral clonidine as providing improved symptoms of bloating, nausea, vomiting and gastric emptying time in a group of patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and gastroparesis. This concept explains the successful use of clonidine in diverse applications.įor example, a 2015 publication describes how the use of transdermal clonidine leads to favorable changes in the metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including a reduction in fasting glucose levels, reduction in insulin resistance, and enhanced glucose utilization. Clonidine, a prototype α-2 agonist, enhances adaptation to stress and is therefore considered an “adaptogen,” in a new clonidine-ATAR-adaptation concept. These reactions and responses increase resistance to stress/tissue damage and protect the homeostasis (balance) of the nervous system. Integrative, Complementary and Alternative MedicineĪlpha-2 adrenoreceptors (ATARs) are found as a network in the body and function as an adaptive system, a link between the sympathoadrenergic system (nervous and adrenaline hormone system) and multiple organs and other systems. Alpha-2 agonists activate this ATAR network and triggers transformations in cellular biology and in function of organs and systems.Integrative, Complementary & Alternative Medicine. ![]()
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